Union Pacific believes quiet zones compromise the safety of railroad employees, customers, and the general public. While the railroad does not endorse quiet zones, it does comply with provisions outlined in the federal law.
Rule The Rail Password 18
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In line with federal regulations, public authorities wanting to maintain Pre-Rule or Intermediate Quiet Zones were required to submit a Notice of Continuation in accordance with the rule by June 3, 2005. Failure to comply with this requirement will result in the sounding of the train horn beginning Friday, June 24, 2005, and continuing for 21 days from the date the Notice of Continuation is properly filed.
Public authorities are required to execute a preliminary engineering agreement with Union Pacific to reimburse the railroad for all costs related to quiet zone meetings, diagnostics and notice reviews. If it is determined that railroad work is required, public authorities are required to enter into a separate construction and maintenance agreement to guarantee reimbursement to the railroad for all actual costs associated with the installation and maintenance of the railroad improvements.
When Security Hub performs the check for this control, it looks for CloudTrail trails that the current account uses. These trails might be organization trails that belong to another account. Multi-Region trails also might be based in a different Region.
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) adds an extra layer of protection on top of a user name and password. With MFA enabled, when a user signs in to an AWS website, they're prompted for their user name and password as well as for an authentication code from their AWS MFA device.
CIS recommends that you enable MFA for all accounts that have a console password. MFA provides increased security for console access. It requires the authenticating principal to possess a device that emits a time-sensitive key and to have knowledge of a credential.
The AWS Config rule used for this check may take up to 4 hours to accurately report results for MFA. Any findings that are generated within the first 4 hours after you enable the CIS security checks might not be accurate. It may also take up to 4 hours after you remediate this issue for the check to pass.
The AWS Config rule for this control uses the GetCredentialReport and GenerateCredentialReport API operations, which are only updated every four hours. Changes to IAM users can take up to four hours to be visible to this control.
Password policies, in part, enforce password complexity requirements. Use IAM password policies to ensure that passwords use different character sets. CIS recommends that the password policy require at least one lowercase letter. Setting a password complexity policy increases account resiliency against brute force login attempts.
CIS recommends that the password policy expire passwords after 90 days or less. Reducing the password lifetime increases account resiliency against brute force login attempts. Requiring regular password changes also helps in the following scenarios:
The root user has complete access to all the services and resources in an AWS account. MFA adds an extra layer of protection on top of a user name and password. With MFA enabled, when a user signs in to an AWS website, they're prompted for their user name and password and for an authentication code from their AWS MFA device.
The root user has complete access to all services and resources in an AWS account. MFA adds an extra layer of protection on top of a user name and password. With MFA enabled, when a user signs in to an AWS website, they're prompted for their user name and password and for an authentication code from their registered MFA device.
CloudTrail is a service that records AWS API calls for your account and delivers log files to you. The recorded information includes the identity of the API caller, the time of the API call, the source IP address of the API caller, the request parameters, and the response elements returned by the AWS service. CloudTrail provides a history of AWS API calls for an account, including API calls made via the AWS Management Console, AWS SDKs, command-line tools, and higher-level AWS services (such as AWS CloudFormation).
CloudTrail log file validation creates a digitally signed digest file containing a hash of each log that CloudTrail writes to Amazon S3. You can use these digest files to determine whether a log file was changed, deleted, or unchanged after CloudTrail delivered the log.
CloudTrail logs a record of every API call made in your account. These log files are stored in an S3 bucket. CIS recommends that the S3 bucket policy, or access control list (ACL), applied to the S3 bucket that CloudTrail logs to prevents public access to the CloudTrail logs. Allowing public access to CloudTrail log content might aid an adversary in identifying weaknesses in the affected account's use or configuration.
To run this check, Security Hub first uses custom logic to look for the S3 bucket where your CloudTrail logs are stored. It then uses the AWS Config managed rules to check that bucket is publicly accessible.
CloudTrail is a web service that records AWS API calls made in a given account. The recorded information includes the identity of the API caller, the time of the API call, the source IP address of the API caller, the request parameters, and the response elements returned by the AWS service.
CloudTrail uses Amazon S3 for log file storage and delivery, so log files are stored durably. In addition to capturing CloudTrail logs in a specified Amazon S3 bucket for long-term analysis, you can perform real-time analysis by configuring CloudTrail to send logs to CloudWatch Logs.
Sending CloudTrail logs to CloudWatch Logs facilitates real-time and historic activity logging based on user, API, resource, and IP address. It provides the opportunity to establish alarms and notifications for anomalous or sensitivity account activity.
If CloudTrail delivers log files from multiple AWS accounts into a single destination Amazon S3 bucket, Security Hub evaluates this control only against the destination bucket in the Region where it's located. This streamlines your findings. However, you should turn on CloudTrail in all accounts that deliver logs to the destination bucket. For all accounts except the one that holds the destination bucket, the control status is No data.
CloudTrail is a web service that records AWS API calls for an account and makes those logs available to users and resources in accordance with IAM policies. AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) is a managed service that helps create and control the encryption keys used to encrypt account data, and uses hardware security modules (HSMs) to protect the security of encryption keys.
Configuring CloudTrail to use SSE-KMS provides additional confidentiality controls on log data because a given user must have S3 read permission on the corresponding log bucket and must be granted decrypt permission by the KMS key policy.
You can do real-time monitoring of API calls by directing CloudTrail logs to CloudWatch Logs and establishing corresponding metric filters and alarms. Security groups are a stateful packet filter that controls ingress and egress traffic in a VPC.
You can do real-time monitoring of API calls by directing CloudTrail logs to CloudWatch Logs and establishing corresponding metric filters and alarms. NACLs are used as a stateless packet filter to control ingress and egress traffic for subnets in a VPC. 2ff7e9595c
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